WITH JOB SATISFACTION OR NOT? THE ROLE OF JOB SATISFACTION IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRAINING AND REWARDS ON EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2478/eoik-2024-0035Keywords:
training; reward; job satisfaction; employee productivity, SmartPLSAbstract
With a harmonious pattern between the workforce and the company,
job satisfaction will result. East Kalimantan is very popular for its
abundant natural resources, including mining. Referring to the ter-
minology above, this paper focuses on the causality between training
and rewards on employee productivity by involving job satisfaction
as a mediator. The focus of this paper is one of the largest companies
operating in the mining sector located in the Balikapan area. The as-
sessment was carried out by distributing an open questionnaire to 346
employees who worked at the company. The quantitative approach is
implemented in Smart-PLS, where the output is two schemes (outer
model and inner model). In general, the statistic analysis finds that
training and rewards have direct implications for employee job satis-
faction and productivity. At the same time, job satisfaction does not
have direct implications for employee productivity. Unfortunately, job
satisfaction is unable to mediate the relationship between training and
rewards on employee productivity. In essence, although training and
rewards function in stimulating job satisfaction and employee produc-
tivity, they have not been proven optimal in encouraging employee
productivity which is mediated by job satisfaction. Therefore, com-
panies need to prioritize job satisfaction with more comprehensive
proportions.
References
Abd, M. W., Mahmood, N. S., & Mohammed, T. Z. (2022). Incentives in achieving job satisfaction a
study of a sample of employees working in the general directorate of education, Diyala Gover-
norate. Route Education and Social Science Journal, 9(6), 380–402.
https://doi.org/10.17121/ressjournal.3303
Abdelwahed, N. A. A., & Al Doghan, M. A. (2023). Developing employee productivity and perfor-
mance through work engagement and organizational factors in an educational society. Societies,
(3), 65. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc13030065
Abdi, H. (2010). Partial least squares regression and projection on latent structure regression (PLS re-
gression). WIREs Computational Statistics, 2(1), 97–106. https://doi.org/10.1002/wics.51
Akkermans, J., Tims, M., Beijer, S., & De Cuyper, N. (2019). Should employers invest in employabili-
ty? examining employability as a mediator in the HRM - Commitment relationship. Frontiers in
Psychology, 10, 717. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00717
Al Ali, R. A. A. M., Md Yusoff, R., Ismail, F. B., & Kazi, A.G. (2018). The effect of training on em-
ployees’ productivity in public organizations in U.A.E. International Journal of Entrepreneurial
Research, 1(1), 15–18. https://doi.org/10.31580/ijer.v1i1.135
Al Khawaldeh, E. D. (2023). The impact of training on improving employee performance: A case study on
employees in the directorate of education of Ma’an District. International Journal of Profession-
al Business Review, 8(10), e03520. https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i10.3520
Alkandi, I. G., Khan, M. A., Fallatah, M., Alabdulhadi, A., Alanizan, S., & Alharbi, J. (2023). The im-
pact of incentive and reward systems on employee performance in the Saudi primary, secondary,
and tertiary industrial sectors: A mediating influence of employee job satisfaction. Sustainabili-
ty, 15(4), 3415. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043415
Ali, W. (2016). Understanding the concept of job satisfaction, measurements, theories and its signifi-
cance in the recent organizational environment: A theoretical framework. Archives of Business
Research, 4(1), 100–111. https://doi.org/10.14738/abr.41.1735
Alnsoura, A. S., & Kanaan, O. A. (2021). The effects of financial and non-financial incentives on job ten-
ure. Management Science Letters, 11(3), 729–736. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2020.10.036
Alrefaei, F. (2020). Job satisfaction: Analysis of the institute of public administration. International Journal
of Managerial Studies and Research, 8(12), 80–83. https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0349.0812008
Aparna, A., & Ambikar, Y. V. (2023). Profitability from training and development programmes. World Jour-
nal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 19(1), 1166–1174.
https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.19.1.1445
Apridar, A., & Adamy, M. (2018). The effect of job satisfaction and work motivation on organizational
commitment and organizational citizenship behavior in BNI in the working area of Bank Indone-
sia Lhokseumawe. Proceedings of MICoMS 2017 (Emerald Reach Proceedings Series, Vol. 1),
Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78756-793-1-00063
Aragón, M. I. B., Jiménez, D. J., & Valle, R. S. (2014). Training and performance: The mediating role of
organizational learning. BRQ Business Research Quarterly, 17(3), 161–173.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cede.2013.05.003
Ariani, M., Hadiyatno, D., Tamara, D., Arrywibowo, I., & Yasmin, F. D. S. (2023). Employee perfor-
mance: The role of compensation, motivation, and discipline as intervening in the era of the
industrial revolution 4.0. MIX: Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, 13(3), 636–652.
http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/jurnal_mix.2023.v13i3.008
Arnold, A. E., Coffeng, J. K., Boot, C. R. L., van der Beek, A. J., van Tulder, M. W., Nieboer, D., & van
Dongen, J. M. (2016). The relationship between job satisfaction and productivity-related costs.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 58(9), 874–879.
https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000000831
Arraya, M., & Pellissier, R. (2013). Productivity measurement in a sports organization. Southern African
Business Review, 17(1), 98–127.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256615370_Productivity_measurement_in_a_
sports_organisation
Aziri, B. (2011). Job satisfaction: A literature review. Management Research and Practice, 3(4), 77–86.
https://mrp.ase.ro/no34/f7.pdf
Badrianto, Y., & Ekhsan, M. (2020). Effect of work environment and job satisfaction on employee perfor-
mance in PT Nesinak Industries. Journal of Business Management and Accounting, 2(1), 85–91.
https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/322984-effect-of-work-environment-and-job-sa-
tis-76ff9018.pdf
Basir, N. M., & Wahjono, S. I. (2014). The effectiveness of training towards job satisfaction with job
performance as a mediating variable at agricultural agency: Evidence from Malaysia. Balance
Economics, Bussines, Management and Accounting Journal, 11(2), 51–62.
https://journal.um-surabaya.ac.id/balance/article/view/628
Bercu, A-M. (2017). Impact of employees’ training programmes on job satisfaction. Current Science,
(7), 1340–1345. https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v112/i07/1340-1345
Böckerman, P., & Ilmakunnas, P. (2012). The job satisfaction-productivity nexus:Astudy using matched sur-
vey and register data. ILR Review, 65(2), 244–262. https://doi.org/10.1177/001979391206500203
Carbonell, P., & Rodríguez-Escudero, A. I. (2016). The individual and joint effects of process control
and process-based rewards on new product performance and job satisfaction. BRQ Business
Research Quarterly, 19(1), 26–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brq.2015.04.001
Caudill, H. L., & Porter, C. D. (2014). An historical perspective of reward systems: Lessons learned
from the scientific management era. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 4(4),
–142. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v4i4.6605
Caves, D. W., Christensen, L. R., & Diewert, W. E. (1982). Multilateral comparisons of output, in-
put, and productivity using superlative index numbers. The Economic Journal, 92(365), 73–86.
https://doi.org/10.2307/2232257
Cayrat, C., & Boxall, P. (2023). The roles of the HR function: A systematic review of tensions, continu-
ity and change. Human Resource Management Review, 33(4), 100984.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2023.100984
Chan, A. J., & Hooi, L. W. (2023). Rewards and recognition on employee motivation and employee
performance: A study of a manufacturing company in Malaysia. International Journal of Man-
agement Practice, 16(3), 267–283. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMP.2023.130352
Chen, L., Li, H., Zhao, L., Tian, F., Tian, S., & Shao, J. (2022). The effect of job satisfaction regulating
workload on miners’ unsafe state. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 16375.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-20673-y
Chen, S., Xu, K., & Yao, X. (2022). Empirical study of employee loyalty and satisfaction in the mining
industry using structural equation modelling. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 1158.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-05182-2
Chi, H., Vu, T–V., Nguyen, H. V., & Truong, T. H. (2023). How financial and non–financial rewards mod-
erate the relationships between transformational leadership, job satisfaction, and job performance.
Cogent Business & Management, 10(1), 2173850. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2173850
Daniel, C. O. (2019). Effects of incentives on employees productivity. International Journal of Business
Marketing and Management, 4(1), 41–48. https://www.ijbmm.com/paper/Jan2019/2129710494.pdf
Danish, R., & Usman, A. (2010). Impact of reward and recognition on job satisfaction and motivation:
An empirical study from Pakistan. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(2),
–167. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v5n2p159
Depedri, S., Tortia, E. C., & Carpita, M. (2010). Incentives, job satisfaction and performance: Empirical ev-
idence in Italian social enterprises. Euricse Working Papers No. 012|10. European Research Insti-
tute on Cooperative and Social Enterprises, Trento TN, Italia. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1698598
Diantari, A. A., & Putri, S. (2023). The effect of training and motivation on employee performance
mediated by job satisfaction at the agriculture service of Tabanan District. Jurnal Ekonomi dan
Bisnis Jagaditha, 10(1), 104–109. https://doi.org/10.22225/jj.10.1.2023.104-109
Dou, S., Xu, D., & Keenan, R. J. (2023). Effect of income, industry structure and environmental regula-
tion on the ecological impacts of mining: An analysis for Guangxi Province in China. Journal of
Cleaner Production, 400, 136654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136654
Egenius, S., Triatmanto, B., & Natsir, M. (2020). The effect of job satisfaction on employee performance
through loyalty at credit union (CU) corporation of East Kutai District, East Kalimantan. Inter-
national Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 7(10), 480–489.
http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v7i10.1891
Eliyana, A., Ma’arif, S., & Muzakki, M. (2019). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment effect
in the transformational leadership towards employee performance. European Research on Man-
agement and Business Economics, 25(3), 144–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2019.05.001
Elnaga, A., & Imran, A. (2013). The effect of training on employee performance. European Journal of
Business and Management, 5(4), 137–147. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/234624593.pdf
Fareed, Z., Ul Abidan, Z., Shahzad, F., Umm-e-Amen, M., & Lodhi, R. N. (2013). The impact of re-
wards on employee’s job performance and job satisfaction. Management and Administrative
Sciences Review, 2(5), 431–442.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258081992_The_Impact_of_Rewards_on_
Employee’s_Job_Performance_and_Job_Satisfaction_By_Zeeshan_Fareed_Zain_Ul_Abidan_
Farrukh_Shahzad_Umm-e-Amen_and_Rab_Nawaz_Lodhi
Fassoulis, K., & Alexopoulos, N. (2020). The workplace as a factor of job satisfaction and productivity:
A case study of administrative personnel at the University of Athens. Journal of Facilities Man-
agement, 13(4), 332–349. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFM-06-2014-0018
Fernández-Macias, E., & Muñoz de Bustillo Llorente, R. (2014). Job satisfaction. In: Michalos, A.C.
(eds) Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research. Springer, Dordrecht.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_1568
Galaitsi, S. E., Pinigina, E., Keisler, J. M., Pescaroli, G., Keenan, J. M., & Linkov, I. (2023). Business
continuity management, operational resilience, and organizational resilience: Commonalities,
distinctions, and synthesis. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 14(6), 713–721.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-023-00494-x
Guan, T., Lin, Z., Groves, K., & Cao, J. (2022). Sparse functional partial least squares regression with a
locally sparse slope function. Statistics and Computing, 32(2), 30.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11222-021-10066-y
Gumasing, M. J. J., & Ilo, C. K. K. (2023). The impact of job satisfaction on creating a sustainable
workplace: An empirical analysis of organizational commitment and lifestyle behaviour. Sus-
tainability, 15(13), 10283. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151310283
Gutiérrez Vargas, L. M., Alegre, J., & Pasamar, S. (2023). Explaining job satisfaction through the use of
work–family benefits and their impact on the employee’s family context. International Journal
of Manpower, 44(9), 20–36. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-01-2022-0055
Guzzo, R. A. (1979). Types of rewards, cognitions, and work motivation. The Academy of Management
Review, 4(1), 75–86. https://doi.org/10.2307/257405
Haddaway, N. R., Smith, A., Taylor, J. J., Andrews, C., Cooke, S. J., Nilsson, A. E., & Lesser, P. (2022).
Evidence of the impacts of metal mining and the effectiveness of mining mitigation measures
on social-ecological systems in Arctic and boreal regions: A systematic map. Environmental
Evidence, 11(1), 30. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13750-019-0152-8
Hadaitana, D., & Iqbal, M. A. (2023). The effect of training and development on employee performance
with mediation of employee satisfaction. International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary,
(4), 436–447. https://doi.org/10.38035/ijam.v1i4.161
Hadi, L. (2023). The influence of workload and rewards on employee performance at the regional drink-
ing water company in depok city through job satisfaction as an intervening variable. Journal of
Law and Sustainable Development, 11(12), e1857. https://doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v11i12.1857
Halilintar, R., & Sobirin, A. (2022). The influence of training and organizational commitment on em-
ployee performance through job satisfaction. Selekta Manajemen: Jurnal Mahasiswa Bisnis &
Manajemen, 1(6), 1–22. https://journal.uii.ac.id/selma/article/view/26507
Halkos, G., & Bousinakis, D. (2010). The effect of stress and satisfaction on productivity. International
Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 59(5), 415–431.
https://doi.org/10.1108/17410401011052869
Hanaysha, J. (2016a). Improving employee productivity through work engagement: Empirical evidence
from higher education sector. Management Science Letters, 6(1), 61–70.
https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2015.11.006
Hanaysha, J. (2016b). Testing the effects of employee empowerment, teamwork, and employee training
on employee productivity in higher education sector. International Journal of Learning and
Development, 6(1), 164–178. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijld.v6i1.9200
Hanaysha, J., & Tahir, P. R. (2016). Examining the effects of employee empowerment, teamwork, and
employee training on job satisfaction. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 219, 272–
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.05.016
Hareendrakumar, V. R., Subramoniam, S., & Nizar Hussain, M. (2020). Redesigning rewards for im-
proved fairness perception and loyalty. Vision, 24(4), 481–495.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0972262920946142
Haryadi, D., Prahiawan, W., Nupus, H., & Wahyudi, W. (2021). Transformational leadership, training,
dan employee performance: Mediasi organizational citizenship behavior dan job satisfaction.
Ultima Management: Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, 13(2), 304–323.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31937/manajemen.v13i2.2311
Haron, H. I., & Khadijah, K. (2023). Effect of incentives on employees performance in the public sector,
Ministry of Local Administration case- Study of Jordan. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología
del Ejercicio y el Deporte, 18(1), 79–86.
https://www.riped-online.com/articles/effect-of-incentives-on-employees-performance-in-the-
public-sector-ministry-of-local-administration-case-study-of-jordan.pdf
Hermanto, I. R., Widyarini, L. A., & Darma, D. C. (2024). Digitalization impact on sustainable firm
performance of small, medium, and large businesses. Virtual Economics, 7(1), 7–24.
https://doi.org/10.34021/ve.2024.07.01(1)
Hoboubi, N., Choobineh, A., Kamari Ghanavati, F., Keshavarzi, S., & Akbar Hosseini, A. (2017). The
impact of job stress and job satisfaction on workforce productivity in an Iranian petrochemical
industry. Safety and Health at Work, 8(1), 67–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2016.07.002
Hosen, S., Hamzah, S.R., Arif Ismail, I., Noormi Alias, S., Faiq Abd Aziz, M., & Rahman, M. M. (2023).
Training & development, career development, and organizational commitment as the predictor
of work performance. Heliyon, 10(1), e23903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23903
Hussain, S. D., Khaliq, A., Nisar, Q. A., Kamboh, A. Z., & Ali, S. (2019). Impact of employees’ recogni-
tion, rewards and job stress on job performance: Mediating role of perceived organization sup-
port. SEISENSE Journal of Management, 2(2), 69–82. https://doi.org/10.33215/sjom.v2i2.121
Ibrahim, I., & Abiddin, N. Z. (2023). The impact of incentives on employee productivity: Review of past
literatures. Journal of Business Administration Research, 12(2), 19–28.
https://doi.org/10.5430/jbar.v12n2p19
Ibrar, M., & Khan, O. (2015). The impact of reward on employee performance: A case study of Mal-
akand private school. International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, 52, 95–103.
https://www.learntechlib.org/p/176708/
Ilies, R., & Judge, T. A. (2004). An experience-sampling measure of job satisfaction and its relationships
with affectivity, mood at work, job beliefs, and general job satisfaction. European Journal of Work
and Organizational Psychology, 13(3), 367–389. https://doi.org/10.1080/13594320444000137
Imran, A., Ahmad, S., Nisar, Q. A., & Ahmad, U. (2014). Exploring relationship among rewards, recog-
nition and employees’ job satisfaction: A descriptive study on libraries in Pakistan. Middle-East
Journal of Scientific Research, 21(9), 1533–1540.
https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2014.21.09.21720
Inayat, W., & Khan, M. J. (2021). A study of job satisfaction and its effect on the performance of em-
ployees working in private sector organizations, Peshawar. Education Research International,
(1), 1751495. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1751495
Indrayani, I., Nurhatisyah, N., Damsar, D., & Wibisono, C. (2024). How does millennial employee job
satisfaction affect performance?. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, 14(1),
–40. https://doi.org/10.1108/HESWBL-01-2023-0004
Ingsih, K., Riskawati, N., Prayitno, A., & Ali, S. (2021). The role of mediation on work satisfaction to
work environment, training, and competency on employee performance. Journal of Applied
Management, 19(3), 469–482. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jam.2021.019.03.02
Ismail, S. N., Ramli, A., & Aziz, H. A. (2021). Research trends in mining accidents study: A systematic
literature review. Safety Science, 143, 105438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105438
Jabak, H. (2023). The effect of training & development on job satisfaction: The mediating effect of co-
worker support. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 7(6), 379–386.
https://journalppw.com/index.php/jpsp/article/view/17009/10772
Janardhanan, S., & Raghavan, S. (2017). The influence of rewards in enhancing employee performance
through psychological empowerment. International Journal of Business and Management, 1(2),
–111. https://doi.org/10.26666/rmp.ijbm.2017.2.16
Javed, M., Balouch, R., & Hassan, F. (2014). Determinants of job satisfaction and its impact on em-
ployee performance and turnover intentions. International Journal of Learning & Development,
(2), 120–140. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijld.v4i2.6094
Jehanzeb, K., & Bashir, N. A. (2013). Training and development program and its benefits to employeeand
organization: A conceptual study. European Journal of Business and Management, 5(2), 243–252.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274704136_Training_and_Development_Program_
and_Its_Benefits_to_Employee_and_Organization_An_Conceptual_Study
Joewono, T. B., Rizki, M., & Syahputri, J. (2021). Does job satisfaction influence the productivity of
ride-sourcing drivers? A hierarchical structural equation modelling approach for the case of Bandung
City ride-sourcing drivers. Sustainability, 13(19), 10834. https://doi.org/10.3390/su131910834
Juliadi, E., Syafri, M., & Hidayati, N. (2023). The effect of training and development on employee
productivity in the digital age. West Science Journal Economic and Entrepreneurship, 1(10),
–263. https://doi.org/10.58812/wsjee.v1i10.289
Junaidi, A., Kustiawan, A., Busari, A., & Darma, D. C. (2024). Uncovering of productivity and wages:
An evidence from Indonesia. International Journal of Financial Management and Economics,
(2), 07–15. https://doi.org/10.33545/26179210.2024.v7.i2.322
Kanapathipillai, K., & Azam, S. M. F. (2020). The impact of employee training programs on job perfor-
mance and job satisfaction in the telecommunication companies in Malaysia. European Journal of
Human Resource Management Studies, 4(3), 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejhrms.v4i3.857
Kashif, A. R., Shafiq, M., Tahir, A. H., Wahid, S., & Ahmed, S. (2020). Impact of on job training, train-
ing design and training delivery style on organizations performance. Foundation University
Journal of Business & Economics, 5(2), 31–41. https://doi.org/10.33897/fujbe.v5i2.444
Kosteas, V. D. (2023). Job satisfaction and employer-sponsored training. British Journal of Industrial
Relations, 61(4), 771–795. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjir.12741
Kowalski, K. B., Aruldoss, A., Gurumurthy, B., & Parayitam, S. (2022). Work-from-home productiv-
ity and job satisfaction: A double-layered moderated mediation model. Sustainability, 14(18),
https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811179
Kumar, T. S., Rao, S. K., Chakravarty, H., Thyagaraju, N., & Soman, S. M. (2023). Examining the effect
of training and development programs on employee productivity and organizational success.
Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences, 10(1S), 6255–6267.
https://sifisheriessciences.com/journal/index.php/journal/article/view/2130/2194
Landa, E. (2018). Influence of training on employees performance in public institution in Tanzania. Interna-
tional Journal of Human Resource Studies, 8(2), 324–336. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v8i2.13136
Lee, M., & Kim, B. (2023). Effect of employee experience on organizational commitment: Case of
South Korea. Behavioral Sciences, 13(7), 521. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13070521
Liu, W., & Liu, Y. (2022). The impact of incentives on job performance, business cycle, and population
health in emerging economies. Frontiers in Public Health, 9, 778101.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.778101
Mangkunegara, A. P., & Waris, A. (2016). Effect of training, competence and discipline on employee
performance in company (case study in PT Asuransi Bangun Askrida). Procedia - Social and
Behavioral Sciences, 211, 1240–1251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.165
Manzoor, F., Wei, L., & Asif, M. (2021). Intrinsic rewards and employee’s performance with the medi-
ating mechanism of employee’s motivation. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 563070.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.563070
Marin, R. (2021). Rewards management in organizations: A retrospective on what organizations have
set out and achieved in order to identify future actions. Journal of Organizational Management
Studies, 2021, 642473. https://doi.org/10.5171/2021.642473
Masadeh, M. (2012). Training, education, development and learning: What is the difference?. European
Scientific Journal, 8(10), 62–68.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279480522_TRAINING_EDUCATION_
DEVELOPMENT_AND_LEARNING_WHAT_IS_THE_DIFFERENCE
Memon, A. H., Khahro, S. H., Memon, N. A., Memon, Z. A., & Mustafa, A. (2023). Relationship be-
tween job satisfaction and employee performance in the construction industry of Pakistan. Sus-
tainability, 15(11), 8699. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15118699
Mercanoğlu, A. O., & Şimşek, K. Y. (2023). The impact of employee recreation on their respective pro-
ductivity. SAGE Open, 13(3), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231196967
Mercy, E. U., Imhonopi, D., Jegede, A. E., Mercy, O. I., Isibor, A., & Olawale, O. Y. (2021). Reward
system: A strategy for academics job satisfaction and retention. Academy of Strategic Manage-
ment Journal, 20(5), 1–8.
https://www.abacademies.org/articles/Reward-system-a-strategy-for-academics-job-
satisfaction-and-retention-1939-6104-20-S5-073.pdf
Milhem, W., Abushamsieh, K., & Pérez-Aróstegui, M. N. (2014). Training strategies, theories and types.
Journal of Accounting, Business and Management, 21(1), 12–26.
https://journal.stie-mce.ac.id/index.php/jabminternational/article/view/178
Montuori, P., Sorrentino, M., Sarnacchiaro, P., Di Duca, F., Nardo, A., Ferrante, B., D’Angelo, D., Di Sar-
no, S., Pennino, F., Masucci, A., Triassi, M., & Nardone, A. (2022). Job satisfaction: Knowledge,
attitudes, and practices analysis in a well-educated population. International Journal of Envi-
ronmental Research and Public Health, 19(21), 14214. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114214
Munir, R., Lodhi, M. E., Sabir, H. M., & Khan, N. (2016). Impact of rewards (intrinsic and extrinsic) on em-
ployee performance with special reference to courier companies of Faisalabad City. European Jour-
nal of Business and Management, 8(25), 88–97. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/234627487.pdf
Muthuswamy, V. V., & Almoosa, O. A. (2023). Impact of rewarding and recognition on job satisfaction.
Przestrzeń Społeczna, 23(1), 120–147.
https://socialspacejournal.eu/menu-script/index.php/ssj/article/view/165
Nauman, S., Bhatti, S., Jalil, F., & Bint E. Riaz, M. (2020). How training at work influences employees’
job satisfaction: Roles of affective commitment and job performance. International Journal of
Training Research, 19(1), 61–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/14480220.2020.1864444
Navale, D. S. (2018). The impact of job satisfaction on job performance an empirical analysis. Interna-
tional Journal of Yogic, Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 3(1), 709–711. Retrieved from
https://www.theyogicjournal.com/pdf/2018/vol3issue1/PartM/3-1-143-652.pdf
Ngan, V. H., & Duyen, D. T. H. (2017). Human resources training effectiveness of enterprises in the
digital content industry in Vietnam. Management & Prospective, 34(3), 19–46.
https://doi.org/10.3917/g2000.343.0019
Nie, B., Du, Y., Du, J., Rao, Y., Zhang, Y., Zheng, X., Ye, N., & Jin, H. (2023). A novel regression meth-
od: Partial least distance square regression methodology. Chemometrics and Intelligent Labora-
tory Systems, 237, 104827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemolab.2023.104827
Niguse, G. T., & Getachew, H. (2019). The effect of reward system on employee creativity. Journal of
Higher Education Service Science and Management, 2(1), 1–20.
https://www.joherd.com/journals/index.php/JoHESSM/article/view/12/7
Noorazem, N. A., Sabri, S. M., & Nazir, E. N. M. (2021). The effects of reward system on employee
performance. Jurnal Intelek, 16(1), 40–51.
https://myjms.mohe.gov.my/index.php/intelek/article/view/15947
Nuhu, M. S., Salisu, F. B., Abubakar, S. L., & Abdullahi, M. S. (2018). Effects of training on job satis-
faction among academic staff of Bayero University, Kano Nigeria. Noble International Journal
of Social Sciences Research, 3(11), 90–96.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332843202_Effects_of_Training_on_Job_
Satisfaction_among_Academic_Staff_of_Bayero_University_Kano_Nigeria
Ogunmakin, A. A. (2023). Effect of financial incentives on employee morale and motivation of small
and medium scale enterprises in Ekiti State. American Journal of Industrial and Business Man-
agement, 13(6), 465–484. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajibm.2023.136030
Okoye, P. V. C., & Ezejiofor, R. A. (2013). Effect of human resource development on organizational pro-
ductivity. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 3(10),
–268. http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v3-i10/295
Polo, F., Cervai, S., & Kantola, J. (2018). Training culture: A new conceptualization to capture values
and meanings of training in organizations. Journal of Workplace Learning, 30(3), 162–173.
https://doi.org/10.1108/JWL-01-2018-0024
Rachman, M. M. (2021). The impact of work stress and the work environment in the organization: How
job satisfaction affects employee performance?. Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability
Studies, 9(2), 337–354. https://doi.org/10.4236/jhrss.2021.92021
Robinson, M., & Farkas, M. (2021). The effect of monetary incentives on task attractiveness, effort and
performance. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 22(5), 761–779.
https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-01-2021-0018
Saeed, O. A., & Waghule, S. N. (2021). Exploring the association between job satisfaction and pro-
ductivity: Empirical evidence from India. Studies in Economics and Business Relations, 2(1),
–71. https://doi.org/10.48185/sebr.v2i1.301
Sapra, R. L. (2022). How to calculate an adequate sample size?. In: How to Practice Academic Medicine
and Publish from Developing Countries?. Springer, Singapore.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5248-6_9
Schraeder, M., & Bret, B. J. (2003). An overview of recent trends in incentive pay programs. The Coast-
al Business Journal, 2(1), 18–27. https://digitalcommons.coastal.edu/cbj/vol2/iss1/3
Šebestová, J. D., & Popescu, C. R. G. (2022). Factors influencing investments into human resources to
support company performance. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 15(1), 19.
https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15010019
Sendawula, K., Kimuli, S. N., Bananuka, J., & Muganga, G. N. (2018). Training, employee engagement
and employee performance: Evidence from Uganda’s health sector. Cogent Business & Man-
agement, 5(1), 1470891. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2018.1470891
Sesen, H., & Ertan, S. S. (2022). The effect of the employee perceived training on job satisfaction: The
mediating role of workplace stress. European Journal of Training and Development, 46(9),
–973. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJTD-01-2021-0014
Seol, J., Lim, N., Nagata, K., & Okura, T. (2023). Effects of home-based manual dexterity training on
cognitive function among older adults: A randomized controlled trial. European Review of Ag-
ing and Physical Activity, 20(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s11556-023-00319-2
Sgarbossa, F., Glock, C. H., Grosse, E. H., Calzavara, M., & de Koster, R. (2022). The impact of mon-
etary incentives and regulatory focus on worker productivity and learning in order picking.
International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 42(11), 1793–1816.
https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOPM-11-2021-0730
Shafagatova, A., Van Looy, A., & Shamasbi, S. M. (2023). Uncovering the combined impact of process
characteristics and reward types on employees’ job satisfaction: A European quantitative study.
SAGE Open, 13(1), 21582440231. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231160125
Singh, S., & Chaudhary, N. (2022). Employee productivity: An analysis of dimensions and methodology
through systematic literature review. Empirical Economics Letters, 21(4), 183–204.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363919302_Employee_Productivity_An_Analysis_
of_Dimensions_and_Methodology_through_Systematic_Literature_Review
Sitorus, S. L., & Hidayat, A. (2020). The effect of compensation and job satisfaction on employee pro-
ductivity. Journal of International Conference Proceedings, 6(4), 12–24.
https://doi.org/10.32535/jicp.v6i4.2608
Škuflić, L., & Družić, M. (2016). Deindustrialisation and productivity in the EU. Economic Research-Ekon-
omska Istraživanja, 29(1), 991–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2016.1235505
Škuflić, L., Mlinarić, D., & Družić, M. (2018). Determinants of construction sector profitability in Cro-
atia. Zbornik radova Ekonomskog fakulteta u Rijeci, 36(1), 337–354.
https://doi.org/10.18045/zbefri.2018.1.337
Srija, A., & Sanghi, S. (2018). Skill development and productivity of the workforce. Working Papers
ID:12788. eSocialSciences. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/qicwdtips/4/
Stater, K.J., Stater, M. (2019). Is it “just work”? The impact of work rewards on job satisfaction and
turnover intent in the nonprofit, for-profit, and public sectors. The American Review of Public
Administration, 49(4), 495–511. https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074018815261
Suryaputra, N. (2023). Impact analysis of work environment mediated by job satisfaction on employee
performance (case study Asuransi Siap). International Journal of Current Science Research and
Review, 6(4), 2612–2631. https://ijcsrr.org/single-view/?id=10119&pid=9853
Suryani, N. K., Santanu, G., & Karwini, N. K. (2023). Enhancing employee retention in the education
sector: The role of training and satisfaction. Jurnal Siasat Bisnis, 27(2), 208–218.
https://doi.org/10.20885/jsb.vol27.iss2.art6
Syahrani, S. (2021). Determining employee performance and work satisfaction dimentionals in multi-
finance company using structural equation model approach. International Journal of Science,
Technology & Management, 2(4), 1346–1352. https://doi.org/10.46729/ijstm.v2i4.257
Syarief, T. A., Falih, S., & Windijarto, W. (2019). The effect of non-financial compensation on work
productivity through work satisfaction as intervening variable in employees of regional gov-
ernment business agency of East Java Province: A study at PT Kasa Husada Wira Jawa Timur.
Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 4(88), 12–18.
https://doi.org/10.18551/rjoas.2019-03.02
Sypniewska, B., Baran, M., & Kłos, M. (2023). Work engagement and employee satisfaction in the
practice of sustainable human resource management – Based on the study of Polish employees.
International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 19(3), 1069–1100.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 ECONOMICS - INNOVATIVE AND ECONOMICS RESEARCH JOURNAL
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.